The Past and Present of Terrorism and Counterterrorism in...

The Past and Present of Terrorism and Counterterrorism in China Introduction This paper traces the evolution of China’s indigenous conceptualization of terrorism and counter-terrorism practice from Imperial China to the modern era. It mainly explores the historical and cultural underpinnings and the current pragmatic diplomacy that have shaped the evolution. Since the concept of terrorism did not originate in China and retains much ambiguity, it is helpful to understand the local characters within a comparative framework. The fundamental question then becomes what is terrorism in the contemporary world. In the United States (â€Å"U.S.†), the Executive Order 13224 defines â€Å"terrorism† as â€Å"activity that (1) involves a violent act or an act dangerous to human life, property, or infrastructure, and (2) appears to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination, kidnapping, or hostage-taking.† Despite that existing legal scholarship has paid much attention to the wide range of definitions of terrorism, the U.S. version is sufficient for the purpose of this paper. Interestingly, notwithstanding a want of the word â€Å"terrorism† in Imperial China and workable official legal definition of terrorism in modern China, terrorist-like activities have long existed and been viewed as politically motivated violence against the state.Show MoreRelatedU.s. 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